Tollense Valley | Europe's First Battle (Bronze Age History Documentary)

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Published 2021-09-26
The Battle of the Tollense Valley took place in Bronze Age Germany c.1250 BC. Was this Europe's first battle?

Archeological discoveries in the Tollense Valley in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Northeast Germany suggest this was the site of a conflict in the 13th century BC. (Closest dates might be 1230 - 1240 BC) This was the European Middle Bronze Age.

As well as weapons and other artefacts, thousands of bones representing at least 140 individuals have been found here and most are men of fighting age. Some bones show injuries received at the point of death.

There might have been between 3000 and 7000 participants which if true is a truly enormous prehistoric battle.

So was this a great pitched battle? An ambush? A series of small skirmishes?

Despite all the evidence, piecing together exactly who these people were, how many there were, where they came from and what happened here… is not so simple.

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Video Sources

Warriors and Weapons in Bronze Age Europe - Anthony Harding ➜ amzn.to/383sToE
Warfare in Bronze Age Society - Christian Horn & Kristian Kristiansen ➜ amzn.to/3z6ZtBN
Die Welt der Himmelsscheibe von Nebra - Harald Meller ➜ amzn.to/3ERYbh7

An early Bronze Age causeway in the Tollense Valley - Jantzen (2014)
Bronze Age tin rings from the Tollense valley - Krüger (2012)
Low Prevalence of Lactase Persistence in Bronze Age Europe - Burger (2020)
Flint arrowhead embedded in a human humerus from the Bronze Age site in the Tollense valley - Flohr (2015)
Instrumental investigation of oxygen isotopes in human dental enamel from the Bronze Age battlefield site at Tollense - Price (2019)
Perimortem Lesions on Human Bones from the Bronze Age Battlefield in the Tollense - Brinker (2018)
A Bronze Age battlefield? Weapons and trauma in the Tollense Valley - Jantzen (2010)

Tollense Battle Ancient DNA, they had hunter gatherer roots by Genos Historia ➜    • Tollense Battle Ancient DNA, they had...  

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Note:
There is DNA evidence that some of these people had high proportion of Western Hunter Gatherer DNA. I have a post about this on Patreon linked in the comments.

Video Chapters

00:00 Prepare for Battle
02:32 The Tollense Valley Battlefield
06:26 Bronze Age Europe
08:18 Bronze Age Warrior Aristocracy
10:01 Material Evidence
13:14 Isotope Analysis
14:08 DNA Evidence
15:35 What Actually Happened?
16:48 Alternative Theories

All Comments (21)
  • @MagnusItland
    When I went to school some 50 years ago, the Bronze Age was portrayed as a Middle Eastern thing. Even the Mycenaeans were not mentioned except as a half-mythical past referenced by the Iron Age Greeks. I grew up believing Europeans were fur-clad reindeer hunters until the light of civilization spread from Egypt via Greece and Rome to finally reach Western Europe. Today we know that the real prehistory of Europe was far more complex and fascinating. Or at least some of us know, and hopefully with the help of your videos, some more people will get a glimpse of a world almost lost in the fog of time.
  • @rachel_Cochran
    I watched a documentary about this site and never thought about it again. You have given it more life in 20 minutes than those attempting to make an entire documentary about it were able to. Thank you for your channel and keep up the amazing work!
  • @18Bees
    Definitely one of my pre battle thoughts would be “I’d rather die by the sword than be clubbed by that bloody Shillelagh!”
  • It’s the obscurity of it all that gets me, I can imagine chieftains on both sides promising immortal glory and eternal veneration for their men if they win. Now we don’t even know who they are
  • @sitrilko
    I like how you stress the things which we simply don't know.
  • @lesleeg9481
    This video is like a dream for me. I've been fascinated by Bronze Age trade routes for more than 20 years, and this is the most comprehensive explanation of routes and items traded that I've seen or heard of so far. I guess I have to check out the sources and read a few more books. Thanks for putting this together. Love it.
  • @Wolfen443
    Fascinating, it shows that Early Europe was a fluid, ever changing world back then even before recorded history was collected. It could make a nice TV series if more details were available.
  • @plurplursen7172
    The battle at Alken Enge in Denmark was around the same time as this one. And it was also a well equipped army vs poor local farmers. A whole generation of local people died in that battle. They can see how many farming fields turned into thick forrest in the decades after the battle. And, we know nothing about the reasons for the battle either. Our local museum have the bones and weapons from the warriors on show.
  • @blazingangel623
    Love these videos Dan! Having a professional author like yourself as a presenter of history goes a long way in adding a depth of narrative that truly makes history gripping. Looking forward to the next one!
  • I was already impressed with the video but my approval skyrocketed when you went on and on about what we DON'T KNOW and MIGHT HAVE GOTTEN WRONG after telling us what we DO KNOW. That is rare to see and thus precious. I stand a new subscriber, and probably a Patreon shortly.
  • @RemusKingOfRome
    Excellent. All this history we've lost, none recorded for the ages.
  • THIS. IS. FASCINATING. I've always been intrigued by ancient cultures, and I wonder often how many incredible stories they had to tell that just got lost to the flow of time. And wouldn't you know it, but I'm also writing fantasy and sci-fi! So yeah, I think I might have just stumbled across a new favorite channel. Thanks Dan! *proceeds to binge these videos with reckless abandon*
  • I love that you are able to blend the uncertainty inherent in archaeology with storytelling. This video was very well done.
  • @TheEvertw
    The part that showed me what an incredible scholar you are, made me nearly forget the bit that showed you an awesome poet.
  • @30035XD
    Mad respect to you Dan. You are a man to look up to. I am shocked one single individual can be so damn good at both scholarship, artistry and communication. Your name will live on, your ancestors are honoured and proud. I trully hope you are getting all the glory, gold, women and followers you deserve. Thanks for your immense contribution to the spread of knowledge among us lay folks. Your content is nothing short of a treasure. Also, your books are real page turners, I am addicted to it.
  • @Badbrad5133
    There is a rich full history of man that occurred before our known history. I believe the rule of ten applies. Whatever you think ancient man did, times it by at least ten. Nice video.
  • The Mycenaeans conquered Europe’s largest city at the time, Knossos in 1450 BC
  • As always fantastic Dan. So much to think about in scenarios with this much heaped evidence. The truth of the matter can never be ascertained but only snippets glimpsed.