The Terramare Culture and the Bronze Age Collapse

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Published 2021-12-23
In Bronze Age northern Italy the Terramare culture thrived for centuries until one day in about 1200 BC, the population of 120,00 people disappeared.

This was the same era as the Late Bronze Age collapse, when the mysterious Sea Peoples invaded the Near East and destroyed so many ancient civilisations, leading to the first great dark age in history.

Were the people of the Terramare culture involved in some way?
Were they also the victims of climatic changes and foreign invasions that wiped them out?

Or were they perhaps one of the perpetrators? Could they in fact be one of the Sea Peoples?

This is the mystery of the Terramare culture.

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Video Sources

The Rise of Bronze Age Society by Kristiansen & Larsson ➜ amzn.to/2XhlH6v
Protecting the Body in War and Combat by Marianne Mödlinger ➜ amzn.to/3BXTtfS
Globalization, Battlefields & Economics by Helle Vandkilde ➜ amzn.to/3aHL2cI
Bronze Age Voyaging and Cosmologies in the Making - Helle Vandkilde

The Collapse of the Terramare Culture And Growth Of New Economic And Social Systems During The Late Bronze Age In Italy By Andrea Cardarelli (2009)
New Research on rhe Terramare Of Northern Italy By Mark Pearce (1998)
Terramare Sickles by Primož Pavlin (2014)
Smiths and Smithing in Bronze Age Terramare by Christiano Iaia (2013)
Remote Sensing, Archaeological, and Geophysical Data to Study the Terramare Settlements: The Case Study of Fondo Paviani (Northern Italy) R. Deiana et al (2020)
The “Tabina 1” Arrowhead -- An Early Bronze Age Weapon Found In A Northern Italian “Terramare” Village Site by Vittorio Brizzi (2011)
Bronze Age Terramare Pottery From Northern Italy – Exercises In Experimental Reproduction by Y. Brodà et al
Bronze Age Textile & Wool Economy: The Case of the Terramare Site of Montale, Italy by Serena Sabatini, Timothy Earle and Andrea Cardarelli (2018)
Terramare, Mycenaean Centers and The Role Of The Adriatic During the Late Bronze Age By Stavros Oikonomidis (2016)
Stone Moulds from Terramare (Northern Italy): Analytical Approach and Experimental Reproduction Barbieri M., Cavazzuti C. (2014)
The SUCCESSO-TERRA Project: a Lesson of Sustainability from the Terramare Culture, Middle Bronze Age of the Po Plain (Northern Italy) by Mauro Cremaschia et al (2018)
Environment, human impact and the role of trees on the Po plain during the Middle and Recent Bronze Age: Pollen evidence from the local influence of the terramare of Baggiovara and Casinalbo by Mercuri et al (2014)

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Video Chapters

00:00 The Mystery of the Terramare culture
01:13 What is the Terramare culture?
07:30 Late Bronze Age Trade Networks
13:21 The Terramare and the Late Bronze Age collapse
15:48 The Sea Peoples
18:40 Why did the Terramare people leave the Po Valley?
21:03 Where did the Terramare people go?

All Comments (21)
  • @nullfi7148
    Every one of your videos is just so well researched and documented, I just wanted to let you know how much quality content like this is appreciated. It's a crime that you don't have more subscribers, I wish more people knew about ancient cultures.
  • @Honeybadger_525
    I can definitely see a lot of parallels between the migration of the various "Sea Peoples" and the dispersal of many Germanic, Slavic, and nomadic tribes starting in the 4th century AD that resulted in a similar domino effect with one migrating group displacing another and ultimately overwhelming the Roman Empire.
  • Another fascinating video! My only issue is with using the term "Hungarian" to refer to the people living in the Carpathian basin at the time. The Hungarians arrived thousands of years later. I suppose it's used as a geographical reference rather than a cultural one but it's still a bit like referring to the people living in Anatolia at that time as "Turks"...
  • @giuliom7704
    The word "Terramare" literally means Earthsea, which is kinda cool if you have read the saga written by Ursula K. Le Guin.
  • @MosBikeShop
    Fantastic history telling. I appreciate how you do what an academic anthropologist generally can't get away with--putting these times and people into a narrative form. Even if some, or even half, of your careful, informed speculation ends up being incorrect, you've helped me enormously to contextualize what the heck was going on in these times. I hope other historical world builders take inspiration from you to pursue this kind of 'side job'. Bravo.
  • This is the best theory of the BAC I have seen so far. Even if it's not 'the' event that kicked off the collapse, it provides an excellent example of why and how similar cultures contributed to the phenomenon.
  • You could do 100 hours of content talking about bronze age and early iron age Italian cultures, I would binge watch every minute. Un abbraccio, buone feste!
  • @clairecelestin8437
    This was an excellent documentary. Saying "We know this because" and tying the story back to the archeological evidence is always worth the time, and shows the quality of the research. I learned a lot, and I thank you for all of your hard work.
  • @daniell1483
    I'm imagining the Mycenean kings during this time, it probably seemed like a flood of people. Many of them were armed and well trained. I can't help but draw parallels with the fall of Rome. To many, it probably seemed like the end of the world.
  • @bc7138
    This is one of the most intriguing videos you've produced so far. To think that the Terramare culture would've played a major role in the Bronze Age collapse, and were among the mass of the Sea Peoples is highly likely.
  • 17:30 On petroglyphs from the Nordic Bronze Age, some boats also have a swan's nose. Jürgen Spanuth speculated that these only became dragons with the onset of climate deterioration and increasing conflicts. (I once made a comb for my niece in the shape of a Viking boat, but with a swan's head. One with a dragon head was intended for my nephew). Many people are also unaware that Jutland used to be twice as wide as it is today. Everything up to the island of Helgoland (Holy Land) was once fertile, flat land. From 1400BC onwards, the climate became increasingly worse and the first waves of emigration began. Around 1220BC a 20m high tsunami swept the west coast and a large part of the land was lost (the last part in a storm tide in the Middle Ages). In addition, few know that a good part of the amber and copper came from this region. It was only after the flood that the amber came from the Baltic. And on Helgoland, deposits of pure copper (with naturally high arsenic content!) can still be found today.
  • @fabricdragon
    shared! i always debate, whenever we have a "sudden" collapse or disappearance, whether it was as sudden as we think. the archeological record can get rather compressed, and the difference between Pompeii (actually sudden) and , say, the wells getting unreliable and people leaving (maybe 20 years) can be hard to see after only a few hundred years. after a few thousand?
  • @davidbrewer9030
    Interesting. Also the pre-Etruscan Villanovan culture appeared later close to and among the Po River areas.
  • Have they been able to extract Y-Chromosomal or Mitochondrial DNA from the Terramare burials? They were clearly Europeans but it might be useful to compare them to the locations of their descendants in Eurasia to fill in some of the story.
  • @TSEEMOD_618
    As I am from closeby Lago di Ledro in Italy, I am very honored to see something about Terramareans portrayed in a video :) great job :))
  • I can’t watch the video right now, but I wanted to make sure I liked it and added it to my watch later playlist. Thank you for all the amazing content Dan, and have a Merry Christmas!
  • @manzelli1981
    I’ll echo everyone else here: love this channel! Most of us probably grew up learning about The Ancient Cultures - Egypt, Greece, Mesopotamia (maybe the Celts too if you grew up in England, Canada, US, etc.) - but there was so much more going on that most of us weren’t taught in school. Thanks for bringing those other cultures to the forefront!
  • Absolutely fascinating. Thanks Dan for your research and exposition of it. What connection do you think may be between the Terramare and Etruscans?
  • @TheEvertw
    Awesome video! I love how you dive deep into these archeological mysteries and come up with plausible answers.