How Do Night Vision Goggles Work? (There's 3 types)

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Published 2023-11-04
We visited the US Navy to test the best night vision goggles in the world. Head to brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, head to ve42.co/SnatomsV to try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically.

Huge thanks to Dr. Ben Conley and the entire team at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division. You can check out more of their work here: www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/Warfare-Centers/NSWC-Cran…
Or their YouTube channel here: youtube.com/NSWCCraneDivision

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Video References:
Tyson, J. (2001). How Night Vision Works. How Stuff Works. – ve42.co/HSWNightVision
Montoro, H. P. Image Intensification: The Technology of Night Vision. Photonics. – ve42.co/PhotonicsTech
Brain Stuff - HowStuffWorks via YouTube – ve42.co/HSWVideo
Photonis via YouTube – ve42.co/Photonis
Operator Drewski via YouTube – ve42.co/NVGaming
Night-vision device via Wikipedia – ve42.co/NVWiki
Image intensifier via Wikipedia – ve42.co/Intensifier
Lodriguss, J. How Digital Cameras Work. AstroPix. –ve42.co/AstroPix
Kinka-Byo. (2019). What is the physical cause of increasing noise at high ISO? StackExchange. – ve42.co/PhotoISO
Macias, A. (2015). The secret NVGs SEAL Team Six wore on the Bin Laden raid. Business Insider. – ve42.co/BINightVision
Van Dommelen, L. Thermionic Emis­sion. Quan­tum Me­chan­ics for En­gi­neers. – ve42.co/Thermoionic
Nave, R. (2016). Blackbody Radiation. HyperPhysics. – ve42.co/BlackBody
Night Vision Terminology - Generations. ModArmory. – ve42.co/ModArmory
NASA (2018). X-ray Detectors - Electrical Current Detections. – ve42.co/NASAXRay

Images & Video:
Osama Bin Laden report, via CNN on YouTube - ve42.co/CNNOBL
Sicario Night Raid Scene, via Movieclips on YouTube - ve42.co/Sicario
Splinter Cell footage, via Ubisoft on YouTube - ve42.co/SplinterCell
Step Brothers Night Vision Scene, via masusockvevo on YouTube - ve42.co/StepBrothers
Ukraine report, via CNN on YouTube - ve42.co/CNNUkraine
FLIR K2 Thermal Imaging Camera footage, via Teledyne FLIR on YouTube - ve42.co/FLIRK2
Chandra X-ray Observatory imagery, via NASA - ve42.co/NASAChandra

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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Chris Harper, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, Max Maladino, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures

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Directed by Emily Zhang
Written by Emily Zhang and Derek Muller
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animated by Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli, and Ivy Tello
Filmed by Trenton Oliver, Emily Zhang, Derek Muller, and Raquel Nuno
Produced by Emily Zhang, Han Evans, and Derek Muller

Thumbnail by Ren Hurley
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound

All Comments (21)
  • @Graspd
    Try world’s worst day vision vs world’s brightest room
  • @ZSchrink
    When I was in basic training, they took us out for night shooting exercises which involved NVGs. When it was my time, the first thing I noticed was the night sky! One of my drill sergeants, who was a fairly chill dude, noticed that I wasn't paying attention to the stuff down range as much as he would have liked. He came over to ask why I was not paying attention and I mentioned the night sky. He had never bothered to look and decided to look up and was also enthralled by the amount of stars that could be seen as well as the cones of light in front of planes and other miscellaneous details. He let me keep the NVGs on the entirety of the rest of that exercise. Truly awesome dude, it's an experience that I'll never forget.
  • @joelmulder
    "So there's almost no photons" "In the visible, yes" Damn I like that man.
  • Usually if you meet somebody wearing those 4 tube goggles that means you messed up pretty bad 🤣
  • @genatzvali
    During night watch in the military looking at the stars through night vision was one of my favorite things.
  • @Krobar
    Seeing the night sky through proper night vision is something everyone needs to experience. It's stunning.
  • My favorite thing about introducing people to night vision is always the first time I tell them to look up. Those stars are just something a video just can't do justice to at all. Truly awesome.
  • @ronquiring7796
    Years ago before retirement, while on patrol in northern Canada, during overcast nights, I would drive sometimes 50 miles away from a street light, down logging roads, turn my vehicle off, all dash lights out, comms lights out, close my eyes for minutes and then open.... Abject blackness, hand in front of my face - nothing, zero light, scary scary dark. However, during clear nights, oh what we could see! Small facettes of our galaxy, many colors and shades. The pie plate of our galaxy was so very discernable. Even our neighboring Andromeda. To the unaded eye! Amazing things were revealed with simple binoculars. Those were hard yet enriching years.
  • @MrSlosh
    NVG training was legitimately the first time the majority of the people my Basic Training company had ever seen the Milky Way in its entirety. Passive night sight tech is mind-blowing.
  • @UncleDon226
    I'll never forget the first time I looked at the northern lights with night vision. Looks cool on its own, but through NVGs, it looked like the whole sky was on fire.
  • @stykytte
    US Navy: "cAnT tAlK aBoUt tHaT" World Of Tanks Discord: "Here is a .pdf from the US Navy describing exactly how their latest nvgs work."
  • @danytalksmusic
    Whoever did the sound design for this episode needs a raise! Almost felt like watching a movie!
  • @MTerrance
    I took a tour of Mammoth Cave ages ago (pre-mobile phones) that included a brief stop when all sources of illumination were turned off and it was eerie. As soon as the tour guide said "okay, lights out" it was as though a physical force had impacted us. It took a few seconds to realize that there was literally no difference between opening and closing your eyes. The guide pointed out that it was likely the first time we had experienced total darkness in our entire lives - and I was convinced the guide was correct.
  • @TheCoffeeSquirel
    I did conscription here in Norway, we had NVGs. Being an astronomy enthusiast, I saw the northern lights in the horizon and I got excited since it was my first time. It was just over the horizon, but then I had the bright idea of putting on the NVGs, and I swear it was everywhere, and it was dancing above me. Absolutely awesome
  • @mandarin1257
    A lot of older night vision systems rely quite heavily on active illumination, but otherwise use just a less mature version of what is shown here, so they don't have many of the drawbacks shown here. This is why many older tanks, such as T-55, have a giant lamp on the turret: it's a very powerful illuminator for night-time combat. The drawback, of course, is that anyone with night vision (or nowadays, sometimes even with a basic camera) will be able to easily see the giant beam of IR light.
  • This is why I love my job! 30 years in the Army and now I recruit people to work at NSWC Crane! I get to introduce some of the most brilliant minds in the world to some of the coolest and most important work in the world! Great video!
  • @martyshrekster
    Kind of a random thought, but it's crazy that in sci-fi, you don't see more "night vision overlays" on car windshields. Seeing Derek drive with such confidence in the dark made me think about a future where cars don't have to rely on active illumination to drive at night and therefore don't blind oncoming traffic. Is it feasible? Maybe not, but it's still a cool thought.
  • @shaggnar2014
    I'm surprised they didn't give you access to a COTI It's a thermal imager that projects onto the front of a night vision device and allows you to see both. Usually they're setup to light up the gradients of hot and cold so people and animals are basically outlined like you have wallhacks on
  • @GrimRealityGroup
    Nothing beats that first look up at the stars with analog nightvision
  • @DEG22
    Man science is so amazing. Even when explained I am thinking of night vision goggles as a black magic box. The creativity and intelligence one needs to have to produce this, I love it!