3 Types of Satire Every Storyteller Should Know — Horatian vs. Juvenalian vs. Menippean Satire

877,058
0
Published 2021-07-26
The history and types of satire including Horatian satire, Juvenalian satire, and Menippean satire.

What is Satire? ►► bit.ly/wis-3
Satire Examples in Film ►► bit.ly/sat-ex

Chapters:
00:00 Intro: The 3 Types of Satire
03:03 Origins of Satire
03:47 Horatian Satire: Light in Tone & Milder Critiques
07:40 Juvenalian Satire: Dark in Tone & Harsher Critiques
11:30 Menippean Satire: Targeting Morals & Beliefs
15:05 Satire Example: 3 Steps for Creating Satire

What is satire? It's easy to throw out a quick satire definition, but many people don’t truly understand the origins of satire or the characteristics of satire. In fact, there are three types of satire, each with their own approach, targets, and goals. In this explainer, we’ll take it back to Ancient Greece and Rome to see the origin of satire and how it branched out into Horatian satire, Juvenalian satire, and Menippean satire.

In general, we can define satire as a storytelling genre that mocks, ridicules, and criticizes perceived wrongs in our society and belief systems. Therefore, one of the main functions of satire is to inspire change intended to “right these wrongs.” The method with which each writer or filmmaker uses satire to achieve that change varies between the three main types of satire. So, where can we use satire? Let’s jump into some of the most popular satirical examples in film history that answer that question.

Our first and one of the most popular types of satire comes from Horace (65 BC — 8 BC), a Roman writer known for playfully mocking leading figures of his day in his work. Horatian satire is usually comedic in tone and the critique can be mild — it’s more of a playful mockery than an abrasive condemnation. In our video, we chose Stanley Kubrick’s Dr. Strangelove as one of the best satirical examples in the Horatian mode. The film takes aim at the absurdity of nuclear brinkmanship and the cartoonish leaders responsible for it.

Next, we have Juvenalian satire, which is one of the more darker and antagonistic kinds of satire. Named for the caustic Roman writer Juvenal (1st Century AD — 2nd Century AD), this mode of satire is light on comedy and much more pointed in its criticism of social institutions like government, politicians, and class structures. A fantastic modern example of Juvenalian satire is Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite — which tackles capitalism and the way it forces both the rich and poor to act like parasites.

Finally, we’ll look at Menippean satire, which can vary wildly in tone but focuses its critiques on mental attitudes and belief systems such as racism and religion. This satiric mode of storytelling is named after Menippus (3rd Century BC) even though all of his own writings are lost to time — all we have are other contemporaneous writers discussing his work. We chose Taika Waititi’s Jojo Rabbit as our main example of Menippean satire because it turns a very serious and dangerous historical movement (Nazi Germany) into something completely absurd.

No matter the social institution or belief system you feel needs changing, one of these main types of satire can be the ideal vehicle to deliver your message and bring change to the world.


#FilmTheory #VideoEssay #Filmmaking


— Songs Used —

"Fairydust" - Eagle Lake
"144" - Live Footage
"Tiki Beach" - King Flamingo
"Any Other Name" - Thomas Newman
"Relaxing Roman Music" - Aetas Romana
"Ancient Greek Music" - The Lyre of Classical Antiquity...
"Spietati, io vi giurai" - Handel: Rodelinda / Act 2
"America F*** Yeah" - Team America
"Bomb Run" - Dr. Strangelove… Music From the Films of Stanley Kubrick
"She Calls" - District 9 OST
"Medula Oblongata" - The Dust Brothers
"What is Fight Club" - The Dust Brothers
"Back to D9" - District 9 OST
"Opening" - Parasite OST
"Zappaguri" - Parasite OST
"Ending" - Parasite OST
"Jojo's March" - Jojo Rabbit OST
"I Don't Wanna Grow Up" - Tom Waits
"Komm Gib Mir Deine Hand" - Jojo Rabbit OST
"Eye of the Tiger (String Quartet Version)" - Jojo Rabbit OST
"Corporate World" - The Dust Brothers

Music by Artlist ► utm.io/umJx
Music by Artgrid ► utm.io/umJy
Music by Soundstripe ► bit.ly/2IXwomF
Music by MusicBed ► bit.ly/2Fnz9Zq



SUBSCRIBE to StudioBinder’s YouTube channel! ►► bit.ly/2hksYO0

Looking for a project management platform for your filmmaking? StudioBinder is an intuitive project management solution for video creatives; create shooting schedules, breakdowns, production calendars, shot lists, storyboards, call sheets and more.

Try StudioBinder for FREE today: studiobinder.com/pricing

— Join us on Social Media! —

Instagram ►► www.instagram.com/studiobinder
Facebook ►► www.facebook.com/studiobinderapp
Twitter ►► www.twitter.com/studiobinder

All Comments (21)
  • @StudioBinder
    Chapters: 00:00 Intro: The 3 Types of Satire 03:03 Origins of Satire 03:47 Horatian Satire: Light in Tone & Milder Critiques 07:40 Juvenalian Satire: Dark in Tone & Harsher Critiques 11:30 Menippean Satire: Targeting Morals & Beliefs 15:05 Satire Example: 3 Steps for Creating Satire
  • @virakchhang
    You can show a girl get stabbed and kids hung but you have to blur out a middle finger to conform to youtube guidelines... On a video about satire. Brilliant.
  • @ashwindsouza606
    "Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the war room!"
  • @CSXIV
    Another fact about the war room: the table is covered in green felt, like you'd find on a pool or gambling table, emphasizing that the whole thing is either a game or a gamble. Yes, the movie is in black and white. Yes, the audience can't actually see the green felt. Yes, Kubrick specifically requested a green felt table in a movie that he intended to shoot in black and white, knowing full well that the audience would never actually appreciate that little touch. But-the actors knew it was green felt and what it represented.
  • @alexbadeau5027
    Satire is essentially holding up a circus mirror to an issue to illustrate your point. The specific distortion that circus mirror creates can vary, as excellently covered in this video ! Great job once again 💪
  • @ethanrummel7638
    So I took a Roman Satire class as part of my masters in Classics, and I happened to watch Borat for the first time that semester. It was honestly wild to see how the tradition has carried on. I would say the one element missing from this analysis is the way in which Satire mocks something, but in doing so turns a mirror on its audience. At first, you laugh at the thing being mocked, but the bigger question is: what does your reaction to the target being ridiculed reveal about you?
  • I didn't think I needed this video but Studiobinder is back at it again
  • @GroovingPict
    The German version of "I want to hold your hand" isnt really a "cover" since it is actually The Beatles themselves, recording an alternate version for the German speaking market (West Germany, Austria, Switzerland). It might seem strange to us now, but this wasn't too unusual back then
  • @nikshmenga
    Jojo Rabbit: Nazi satire as a satire of "The Wes Anderson Style."
  • @jadehughes8695
    It seems like juvenalian and menippean would have a huge overlap - ridiculing institutions or class structures would quickly become tied up with the ridiculing the attitudes and ideas upholding those structures.
  • @lurkzie
    It's a shame that 'The Boys' wasn't mentioned in this video. It's probably one of the most relevant satirical shows right now with It's depiction of Capitalism and Celebrity culture
  • @aviewerman
    I study an MPhil in Modern Philology and one of my courses on poetry of the XVI century started by explaining the three types of satire, like you guys are doing with movies! It's always a pleasure to watch your videos
  • @danielm6089
    Ok, ok, look, I haven't watched Idiocracy, but the line "so you cared whose ass it was, and why its farting" has convinced me to
  • @rorypuds
    Man I wish there was some Four Lions references in here, one of the best satires.
  • @vitor262
    I don't understand the categories. The first ones are based on tone, but the last is based on the target
  • @DrNitroGecko
    Actually, the Beatles got their breakthrough singing in Germany before they got famous in the UK. That was probably their original song in German. They had a limited repertoire of songs that could be easily translated.
  • @Kinzokugia
    Sometimes I wonder if Team America failed as a satire, considering the most common usage is unironic jingoism
  • Interesting ideas. Every upload all the core ideas you've mentioned before just comes together. Keep informing
  • 13:54 I don't think that's a cover. The Beatles did record German versions of a couple of their early songs.
  • @sildaz
    This turned out useful to help me clarify how could I do a script that targets the ideas that I want. Before I just wanted to shoot everything but now I think reducing the targets would work better. A menipean satire would work, or maybe It could turn Juvenalian during writing